What are the purposes of the Cone Crusher?
Crushing action is produced by the oscillation or throw (opening & closing) between the moving mantle liner, mounted on the cone, and the stationary concave liners mounted within the upper casing of the crusher.
The mantle and concaves form the working surfaces of the crusher, as this is where the crushing action occurs.
The width of the discharge opening dictates the size of a crusher’s product output. The size of a crusher’s product output can be varied by raising or lowering the upper casing.
This adjustment varies the size of a cone crusher’s product because the gap between the mantle and concaves is correspondingly increased or decreased. Raising the concaves (bowl liner) thus increases the product’s size output, whilst lowering the concaves decreases the product’s size output.
Because the motion of the mantle is eccentric, the gap between the mantle and concaves on one side is different to the gap on the opposite side, at any given time. When the gap between the mantle and concaves is at its largest, the opposite side gap is at its smallest.
The widest gap between the mantle and concaves is referred to as the open side setting (OSS), whilst the narrowest gap is referred to as the closed side setting (CSS). Both settings are important because they describe the largest possible product size output (OSS) and smallest possible product size output (CSS). The OSS can be given as:
Eccentric motion is achieved by the lower eccentric bushing and drive arrangement at the bottom of the main shaft. The input pinion drive countershaft is supported by pinion bearings and powered by an electric motor. An external gearbox or belt drive arrangement reduces the motor speed at the crusher; typical crusher speeds range from several hundred rpm up to approx.
1000 rpm. In some cases, a clutch system may also be used to absorb shocks. The pinion on the countershaft meshes with the eccentric gear drive, or crown gear.
The inner surface of the eccentric bushing is machined off-centre from the centre-axis of the crusher. As the eccentric bushing rotates, the lower shaft oscillates in an elliptical orbit around the centreline of the crusher.
This action causes the gap between the mantle and concave liners to open and close upon each rotation of the shaft. At the upper end of the mantle this movement is very small, but as the feed falls lower, the throw increases and the crushing force also correspondingly increases.
Crushed feed falls to the bottom shell assembly and is discharged to the product conveying system for further processing. The lower casing also houses a forced lubrication and hydraulic system, which is critical for the drive arrangement and tramp release cylinders (if fitted).
Further processing may involve additional crushing stages (secondary, tertiary, quaternary etc.), milling, and other beneficiation steps to suit the product being processed.
Reference; Mac. Eng. Yusuf ARMAN
Mechanical Eng. Msc Suphi Yavuz, Başak Yavuz Makine, Technical Notes
Mining Eng. Msc Necati Yıldız, Ore Dressing and Enrichment Book
Reference;
(2) Crushing plant — Wikipedia
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